An algebraic analysis of cladistic characters

An algebraic analysis of cladistic characters

TaxMan: an online facility for the coding of continuous characters for cladistic analysis

A consensus is emerging that continuous (or metric) measures can be useful in phylogenetic systematics. Many of the methods for coding such characters, however, employ elements that are arbitrary and therefore should be excluded from use in cladistic analysis. The continued use of such potentially inappropriate methods can be attributed to either their simplicity or the availability of computer...

an infinite planar array of rectangular microstrip patch antenna analysis

the methods which are used to analyze microstrip antennas, are divited into three categories: empirical methods, semi-empirical methods and full-wave analysis. empirical and semi-empirical methods are generally based on some fundamental simplifying assumptions about quality of surface current distribution and substrate thickness. thses simplificatioms cause low accuracy in field evaluation. ful...

Utility of Wood Anatomical Characters in Cladistic Analyses

Wood anatomy is an important source of systematically informative character information that can and should be used in cladistic phylo­ genetic analyses ofrelationships in flowering plants. However, the re­ sults ofa cladistic analysis are only as good as the characters and obser­ vations, which together comprise the data set that is analyzed. The goal of this paper is to address the former of ...

Cladistic analysis of the subgenus Anopheles (Anopheles) Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological characters.

In the present study, we used morphological characters to estimate phylogenetic relationships among members of the subgenus Anopheles Meigen. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for 36 species of Anopheles (Anopheles). An. (Stethomyia) kompi Edwards, An. (Lophopodomyia) gilesi (Peryassú), Bironella hollandi Taylor, An. (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) and An. (Cellia) maculatus Theobald w...